Cold chain

James, S. J., Bailey, C. & Ono, S. (1976) Determination of freezing and thawing time in the centre of blocks of meat by measurement of surface temperature.  Journal of Food Technology.  Vol. 11, pp505-513.

Bailey, C. & James, S. J. (1977) The prediction of process design data for meat refrigeration. The Chemical Engineer.  Vol. 326, pp788-791.

Bailey, C. & James, S. J. (1977) The prediction of process design data for meat refrigeration. Proceedings of Institute of Food Science and Technology.  pp122-129.

James, S. J. (1977) Preservation of hides by chilling and freezing. Raw Hides and Skins IV, British Leather Manufacturers’ Research Association, 3-4th October 1977, BLMRA, Milton Park, Egham, Surrey, UK. pp76-92.

James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1977) Prediction of process design data for meat refrigeration.  Advances in Heat Transfer and Energy Economy in the Food Industry, Joint Symposium of the Institute of Food Science & Technology Western Branch and the Institution of Chemical Engineers South Western Branch, 10-11th May 1977, The Royal Hotel, College Green, Bristol, UK, pp7,01-7,16.

Bailey, C. & James, S. J. (1979) Refrigeration - Specify what you really need.  Meat.  Vol. 52:7, pp23, 25-26, 45.

James, S. J., Creed, P. G. & Bailey, C. (1979) The determination of the freezing time of boxed meat blocks.  Proceedings of the Institute of Refrigeration.  Vol. 75, pp74-83.

James, S. J., Creed, P. G. & Bailey, C. (1979) The determination of the freezing time of boxed meat blocks. Institute of Meat Bulletin.  Vol. 106, pp7, 8, 10-12, 14.

James, S. J., Creed, P. G. & Bailey, C. (1979) The determination of the freezing time of boxed meat blocks. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning.  Vol. 82:976, pp75, 79, 89.

Creed, P. G. & James, S. J. (1981) A survey of commercial meat block freezing in the United Kingdom and Eire. International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 4, pp348-354.

Creed, P. G. & James, S. J. (1981) A survey of commercial meat block freezing in the United Kingdom and Eire.  Meat Processing International (USA).  Vol. 5:2, pp12-15.

James, S. J. (1982) Beware of the let-out clause.  Meat. Vol. 55, pp21, 23.

James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1982) Meat cooling - the effect of surface freezing on centre temperature.  International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 5, pp185-186.

James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1982) The measurement of product load during cooling, freezing and thawing of meat and meat products. Proceedings of the Institute of Refrigeration.  Vol. 77, pp44-51.

James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1982) The measurement of the rate of heat loss during the cooling and freezing of meat and meat products.   Fleischerei.  Vol. 33:8, ppV-VIII.

James, S. J., Creed, P. G. & Bailey, C. (1982) The determination of the freezing time of boxed meat blocks. Meat Processing (USA).  Vol. 21:3, pp56-58.

Creed, P. G. & James, S. J. (1983) Seeking the ideal freeze.  Refrigeration Air Conditioning and Heat Recovery.  Vol. 86:10, pp22-24, 28.

Creed, P. G. & James, S. J. (1983) The freezing times of liver in a vertical plate freezer.  Progress in Refrigeration Science and Technology, Proceedings of the XVIth International Congress of Refrigeration, Tome III, Paris, France. Vol. 4, pp145-151.

Gigiel, A. J. & James, S. J. (1983) The refrigeration aspects of rapid pork processing. Progress in Refrigeration Science and Technology, Proceedings of the XVIth International Congress of Refrigeration, Tome III, Paris, France.  Section 3, pp417-423.

James, S. J. & Swain, M. J. (1983) The effect of surface fat layers on the chilling time of meat. Progress in Refrigeration Science and Technology, Proceedings of the XVIth International Congress of Refrigeration, Tome III, Paris (France).  Section 2, pp473-478.

James, S. J., Gigiel, A. J. & Hudson, W. R. (1983) The ultra rapid chilling of pork.  Meat Science.  Vol. 8, pp63-78.

James, S. J., Nair, C. & Bailey, C. (1983) The effects of freezing and thawing rates on the drip loss from frozen beef.  pp807-813.  Thermal Processing and the Quality of Foods, edited by Zeuthen P. et al., 1st Ed., Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London & New York.

Malton, R. & James, S. J. (1983) Drip loss from wrapped meat on retail display.  Meat Industry.  Vol. 56:5, pp39-41.

Nair, C. & James, S. J. (1983) The effect of freezing rate on the drip loss from frozen meat. (Abstract).  Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture.  Vol. 34, p1020.

Creed, P. G. & James, S. J. (1984) The prediction of freezing and thawing times of mutton carcasses.  Proceedings of the 30th European Meeting of Meat Research Workers, Bristol.  Paper 2.5, pp59-60.

Gigiel, A. J. & James, S. J. (1984) Electrical stimulation and the ultra-rapid chilling of pork.  Meat Science.  Vol. 11, pp1-12.

Malton, R. & James, S. J. (1984) Using refrigeration to reduce weight loss from meat.  Profitability of food processing - 1984 onwards - The Chemical Engineers Contribution, Bath, pp207-217.

Creed, P. G. & James, S. J. (1985) Heat transfer during the freezing of liver in a plate freezer.  Journal of Food Science.  Vol. 50, pp285-288, 294.

Gigiel, A. J., Swain, M. V. L. & James, S. J. (1985) Effects of chilling hot boned meat with solid carbon dioxide.  Journal of Food Technology.  Vol. 20, pp615-622.

James, S. J. (1985) Ultra rapid processing of pork.  Meat Hygienist.  Vol. 45, pp6-8.

James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1985) Principles and problems in cooling foodstuffs.  CFPRA Chilled foods symposium, Stratford-upon-Avon, UK.  pp17-24.

James, S. J. (1986) Retail display - from the products point of view.  Retail Display, AFRC Institute of Food Research - Bristol Subject Day, IFR-BL, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1986) Temperature changes, weight loss and product loads during beef chilling.  Recent advances and developments in the refrigeration of meat by chilling, Meeting of IIR Commission C2, Bristol (UK).  pp59-69.

James, S. J. & Swain, M. V. L. (1986) Retail display conditions for unwrapped chilled foods Proceedings of the Institute of Refrigeration.  Vol. 83, pp3.1.

Swain, M. V. L. & James, S. J. (1986) Evaporative weight loss from unwrapped meat and food products in chilled display cabinets.  Recent Advances and Developments in the Refrigeration of Meat by Chilling, Meeting of IIR Commission C2, Bristol, UK.  Section 9, pp415-425.

Swain, M. V. L., Gigiel, A. J. & James, S. J. (1986) Carbon dioxide chilling of hot boned meat.  Recent Advances and Developments in the Refrigeration of Meat by Chilling, Meeting of IIR Commission C2, Bristol, UK.  pp195-202.

Bailey, C. & James, S. J. (1987) Recent advances and developments in the refrigeration of meat by chilling. Recommendations for the Processing and Handling of Chilled Food. International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR), Paris.

Fulton, G. S., Burfoot, D., Bailey, C. & James, S. J. (1987) Predicting weight loss from unwrapped chilled meat in retail displays.  The XVIIth IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Vienna, Austria, C2-8.

James, S. J. (1987) Efficient systems for rapid cooling of carcasses and hot-boned meat. pp49-56.  Accelerated Processing of Meat, edited by Ramila, A. et al. Elsevier Applied Science.

James, S. J. (1987) Storage and transport of chilled meats and meat products and process modelling (Review).  International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 10:2, 1pp16-120.

James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1987) The freezing of beef quarters.  Proceedings XVIIth International Congress of Refrigeration, Vienna, Austria, C2.4, pp375-382.

James, S. J., Burfoot, D. & Bailey, C. (1987) The engineering aspects of ready meal production.  Engineering Innovation in the Food Industry, IChemE meeting, Bath, UK. 

Brown, T. & James, S. J. (1988) Process design data for pork chilling.  Meat Chilling, AFRC Institute of Food Research - Bristol Subject Day, IFR-BL, Langford, UK.

Evans, J. A., Bratchel, N. & James, S. J. (1988) Accelerated testing of the frozen storage life of turkey.  Proceedings of the 34th European Meeting of Meat Research Workers, Brisbane, Australia.

James, S. J. (1988) Current and new chilling systems and their operational economics.  Royal Dublin Society, Food Process, pp3.1-3.13.

James, S. J. (1988) Heat and mass transfer in food refrigeration. Food Refrigeration and Plant Design Seminar, Institute of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE), London.  Section 2.3, pp1-10.

James, S. J. (1988) Reviews of XVIIth international congress of refrigeration commission meetings Vienna, Austria, 24–29 August 1987: Meeting of IIR commission C2.  International Journal of Refrigeration. Vol. 11:2, pp121-125.

James, S. J. (1988) There’s more than one way to chill pigs.  Meat Industry. January, p8.

James, S. J. (1988) What is important? Temperature.  Long Life Packaging of Retail Meat, AFRC Institute of Food Research - Bristol Subject Day, IFR-BL, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1988) Process design data for beef chilling.  Meat Chilling, AFRC Institute of Food Research - Bristol Subject Day, IFR-BL, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. & Fulton, G. (1988) Predictive modelling of heat and mass transfer in food processing.  pp293.  Engineering Advances for Agriculture and Food, Proceedings of the 1938-1988 Jubilee Conference of the Institution of Agricultural Engineers, co-sponsered by the Fellowship of Engineering, Robinson College, Cambridge, 12-15 September, 1988, edited by Cox, S. W. R., Butterworths, London.  

James, S. J. & Gigiel, A. J. (1988) New and novel refrigeration systems for meat.  Engineering Advances for Agriculture and Food, Proceedings of the 1938-1988 Jubilee Conference of the Institution of Agricultural Engineers, co-sponsored by the Fellowship of Engineering, Robinson College, Cambridge, 12-15 September, 1988, edited by Cox, S. W. R.  Butterworths, London.

James, S. J., Fulton, G., Swain, M.V.L. & Burfoot, D. (1988) Modelling the effect of temperature fluctuations on weight loss in retail display.  Refrigeration for Food and People, Meeting of IIR Commissions C2, D1, D2/3, E1, Brisbane, Australia, pp111-119.

James, S. J., Gigiel, A. J. & Bailey, C. (1988) Alternative methods for primary chilling of pork carcasses.  Refrigeration for Food and People, Meeting of IIR Commissions C2, D1, D2/3, E1, Brisbane, Australia, pp63-70.

James, S. J., Gigiel, A. J., Brown, T. & Bailey, C. (1988) A comparison of ultra rapid and immersion chilling of pork.  Cold Chains in Economic Perspective, Meeting of IIR Commissions B1, B2, C2, D1, D2 3, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp351-358.

James, S. J., Swain, M. V. L. & Daudin, J. D. (1988) Mass transfer under retail display conditions.  Proceedings of the 34th European Meeting of Meat Research Workers, Brisbane, Australia, pp652-654.

Swain, M. V. L. & James, S. J. (1988) Process design data for lamb, mutton and goat chilling.  Meat Chilling, AFRC Institute of Food Research - Bristol Subject Day, IFR-BL, Langford, UK.

Evans, J. A., Bratchel, N. & James, S. J. (1989) Accelerated testing of the frozen storage life of turkey.  Proceedings of the XI International Home Economics Conference.

Gigiel, A. J., Collett, P. & James, S. J. (1989) Fast and slow chilling in a commercial chiller and the effect of operational factors on weight loss. International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 12, pp338-349.

James, S. J. (1989) Current and new chilling systems and their operational economics. Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Recovery. Vol. 92:1095, pp59-65.

James, S. J. (1989) The need for food refrigeration research. (Editorial). International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 12, p115.

James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1989) Process design data for beef chilling.  International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 12, pp42-49.

James, S. J. & Evans, J. A. (1989) Temperatures in the retail and domestic chill chain.  Cost 91 bis, The Effects of Processing and Distribution on the Quality and Nutritive Value of Foods, 2-5th October 1989, Gothenburg, Sweden.

James, S. J., Burfoot, D. & Bailey, C. (1989) Optimising production systems.   Meat Industry.  September Issue, pp10-12, 14.

James, S. J., Burfoot, D. & Bailey, C. (1989) The engineering aspects of ready meal production. pp43-58.  Process Engineering in the Food Industry: Developments and Opportunities, edited by Field, R. W. & Howell, J. A.,  Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York.

James, S. J., Evans, J. A. & Stanton, I. (1989) Laboratory tests of domestic refrigerators.  Cost 91 bis, The Effects of Processing and Distribution on the Quality and Nutritive Value of Foods, 2-5th October 1989, Gothenburg, Sweden.

James, S. J., Evans, J. A. & Stanton, I. J. (1989) The performance of domestic refrigerators. Proceedings of the XI International Home Economics Conference.

Evans, J. A. & James, S. J.  (1990) Factors influencing the frozen storage life of meats. Future Meat Manufacturing Processes, Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineering (IMechE) Conference, London. pp001-017.

Gigiel, A. J., Brown, T. & James, S. J. (1990) Novel cooling methods for pork production. Future Meat Manufacturing Processes, Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineering (IMechE) Conference, London.

James, S. J. (1990) Cooling of cooked products.  Progress in the Science and Technology of Refrigeration in Food Engineering, Proceedings of meetings of IIF-IIR Commissions B2, C2, D1, D2-D3, 24-28th September 1990, Dresden, Germany, International Institute of Refrigeration, Paper 30.

James, S. J. (1990) Cooling systems for ready meals and cooked products. pp88-97.  Process Engineering in the Food Industry: 2 Convenience Foods and Quality Assurance, edited by Field, R.W. & Howell, J. A.  Elsevier Science Publishers.

James, S. J. (1990) Effective refrigeration of foodstuffs.  11th Annual Conference of the Irish Society of Food Hygiene & Technology, 6-7th May 1990, Court Hotel, Killiney Bay, Co. Dublin.

James, S. J. (1990) Problems in domestic refrigeration. (Editorial).  International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 13, pp3-4.

James, S. J. (1990) Temperature control - The key ingredient.  Food Safety - Everyone’s Responsibility, Meeting of the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health, Belfast, N. Ireland.  

James, S. J. (1990) The cooling of cooked meat products.  Future Meat Manufacturing Processes, Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) Conference, London.

James, S. J. & Evans, J. A. (1990) Consumer handling of chilled foods.  pp98-109.  Process Engineering in the Food Industry: 2 Convenience Foods and Quality Assurance, edited by Field, R. W. & Howell, J. A., Elsevier Science Publishers.

James, S. J. & Evans, J. A. (1990) Performance of domestic refrigerators and display cabinets for chilled products.  Progress in the Science and Technology of Refrigeration in Food Engineering, Proceedings of meetings of IIF-IIR Commissions B2, C2, D1, D2-D3, 24-28th September 1990, Dresden, Germany, International Institute of Refrigeration, Paper 4.

James, S. J. & Evans, J. A. (1990) Performance of domestic refrigeration. Proceedings of the Institute of Refrigeration.  Vol. 87 (1990/91).

James, S. J. & Evans, J. A. (1990) Temperatures in the domestic chill chain. MODUS. April, pp93-95.

James, S. J. & Evans, J. A. (1990) Temperatures in the retail and domestic chilled chain. Chpt 3, pp273-278.  Processing and Quality of Foods. Volume 3. Chilled Foods: The Revolution in Freshness. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London.

James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1990) Chilling of beef carcasses.  pp159-181.  Chilled Foods - The State of the Art, edited by Gormley, T. R.  Elsevier Science Publishers.

James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1990) Chilling systems for foods. pp1-35.  Chilled Foods - The State of the Art, edited by Gormley, T. R.  Elsevier Science Publishers.

James, S. J. & Gigiel, A. J. (1990) Collecting and interpreting temperature data.  Environmental Health. Vol. 98, pp92-95.

James, S. J. & Gigiel, A. J. (1990) Economic and quality aspects of pork production. Progress in the Science and Technology of Refrigeration in Food Engineering, Proceedings of meetings of IIF-IIR Commissions B2, C2, D1, D2-D3, 24-28th September 1990, Dresden, Germany, International Institute of Refrigeration, Paper 24.

James, S. J., Evans, J. A. & Stanton, I. (1990) Laboratory tests of domestic refrigerators. Chpt 3, pp305-310.  Processing and Quality of Foods. Volume 3. Chilled Foods: The Revolution in Freshness, edited by Zeuthen, P. Cheftel, J. C., Eriksson, C., Gormley, T. R., Linko, P. & Paulus, K., Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London.

James, S. J., Evans, J. A. & Stanton, I. J. (1990) Investigating the fridge.  MODUS.  March, pp69-71.

Evans, J. A., Stanton, J. I., Russell, S. L. & James, S. J. (1991) Consumer Handling of Chilled Foods: A survey of time and temperature conditions.  MAFF Publications, London SE99 7TP.

James, S. J. (1991) Chilled foods. The need for temperature control and the effects on quality and storage.  Food Safety and Regulations in the EC, 28-29th November 1991, The Amsterdam Marriott Hotel, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

James, S. J. (1991) Chilling of meat carcasses.  Meat Strategies Meeting, Holiday Inn, Daventry, Northamptonshire, UK.

James, S. J. (1991) Freeze it.  Meat Trades Journal.  26th September, p10.

James, S. J. (1991) Keeping it cool and legal.  Meat Trades Journal. September.  

James, S. J. (1991) Measurement of food and air temperatures and the food hygiene (amendment) regulations.  Meeting of the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health, York, UK.  

James, S. J. (1991) Measurement of food and air temperatures and the food hygiene (amendment) regulations.  Temperature Control in Retail Premises, FRPERC Subject Day, Birmingham, UK.  

James, S. J. (1991) Principles of food refrigeration systems, food and equipment.  Environmental Health Officers Workshops, 5-8th November 1991, Seagoe Hotel, Portadown, N. Ireland.

James, S. J. (1991) Review of book - Food refrigeration and process analysis, design and simulation, Author C. Cleland.  Transactions of the Institute of Chemical Engineering.  Vol. 69, Number C3, September.  

James, S. J. (1991) Temperature control for food and legislation. Food Safety, Loughry College of Agriculture and Food Technology, 28th March 19991, Royal Ulster Agricultural Society Business Centre, Belfast, N. Ireland.  

James, S. J. (1991) Temperature Legislation.  Temperature Control in Retail Premises, FRPERC Workshop, University of Bristol, Langford & Exeter, UK.

James, S. J. (1991) Temperature Measurement. Temperature Control in Retail Premises, FRPERC Workshop, University of Bristol, Langford & Exeter, UK.

James, S. J. (1991) The need for temperature control.  Chilled Foods Temperature Legislation and Measurement, FRPERC Workshop, 18th June 1991, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1991) The Value of Temperature Control. The Safety of Chilled Foods, Meeting of the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health, Lancaster, UK.

James, S. J. (1991) Why control food temperature? Environmental Health Officers Workshops, 5-8th November 1991, Seagoe Hotel, Portadown, N. Ireland.

James, S. J. & Evans, J. A. (1991) Problems of Temperature measurement in domestic refrigerators.  The Safety of Chilled Foods: The Consumer’s Role, Chartered Institute of Environmental Health and MAFF Symposium, 22nd October 1991, Royal Overseas League Hotel, London, UK.

James, S. J. & Evans, J. A. (1991) Temperatures measured during a survey of consumer handling of chilled foods.  The Safety of Chilled Foods: The Consumer’s Role, Chartered Institute of Environmental Health and MAFF Symposium, 22nd October 1991, Royal Overseas League Hotel, London, UK.

Brown, T. & James, S. J. (1992) Process design data for pork chilling.  International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 15:5, pp281-289.

Gigiel, A. J. & James, S. J. (1992) Effect of legislation on the cold chain.  IMechE Seminar S064 Current and Future UK and EC Food Industry Directives, Institute of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) Food Engineering Committee, 7th May 1992, London, UK.

Gigiel, A. J., Brown, T. & James, S. J. (1992) An introduction to immersion, spray and evaporative cooling and heating techniques.  Immersion, Spray and Evaporative Cooking and Cooling, FRPERC Subject Day, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1992) A review of predictions of heat and mass transfer in meat refrigeration.  Food Engineering in a Computer Climate, Institute of Chemical Engineering (IChemE) Conference, 30th March – 1st April 1992, Cambridge, UK.  Symposium series no. 126, EFCE publication series no. 88, Taylor & Francis Ltd, UK, ISBN 0-85295-279-1.  Poster 21, p481-487.

James, S. J. (1992) Due diligence - what does it mean?  Due Diligence and the Chill Chain, FRPERC Workshop, 10th November 1992, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1992) Food temperature - the cold facts.  Ulster Grocer Directory.  pp35-37.

James, S. J. (1992) The importance of non destructive temperature measurement. Non-Destructive Temperature Measurement, FRPERC Subject Day, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1992) The Refrigeration of Foods. Editorial.  International Journal of Refrigeration. Vol. 15:5, pp259-260.

James, S. J. & Evans, J. A. (1992) Consumer handling of chilled foods - temperature performance.  International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 15:5, pp299-306.

James, S. J. & Evans, J. A. (1992) The temperature performance of domestic refrigerators  International Journal of Refrigeration. Vol. 15:5, pp313-319.

James, S. J., Evans, J. A., Swain, M. V. L. & Swain, M. J. (1992) Changing standards to meet actual use in commercial and domestic situations. IMechE Seminar S064 Current and Future UK and EC Food Industry Directives, IMechE Food Engineering Committee, 7th May 1992, London, UK. 

Evans, J. A. & James, S. J. (1993) Freezing and meat quality.  Food Technology Europe.  Vol. 3, pp53-56.

James, S. J. (1993) An overview of legislation and technical developments in food refrigeration.  Developments in Food Refrigeration, Institute of Chemical Engineering (IChemE) Symposium, The Queens University of Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland.  

James, S. J. (1993) Chilled food distribution.  Food Safety, IChemE meeting, Warrington.

James, S. J. (1993) Chilling and freezing of red meat. ECCEAMST-course Meat Quality Assurance, 6–8th September, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

James, S. J. (1993) Chilling Storage of Foods:  Principles.  Encyclopaedia of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition, edited by Macrae, R., Robinson, R. K. & Sadler, M. J.  Academic Press, London.

James, S. J. (1993) Chilling Storage of Foods: Attaining and maintaining chilled conditions.  Encyclopaedia of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition, edited by Macrae, R., Robinson, R. K. & Sadler, M. J.  Academic Press, London.

James, S. J. (1993) Chilling Storage of Foods: Quality and Economic Considerations.  Encyclopaedia of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition, edited by Macrae, R., Robinson, R. K. & Sadler, M. J.  Academic Press, London.

James, S. J. (1993) Cooling, freezing and refrigeration of foodstuffs.  Leatherhead Programme for Food Industry Managers, Leatherhead Food R A, Leatherhead, Surrey, UK.  

James, S. J. (1993) Developments in predictive modelling of food refrigeration.  Modelling for Food Safety, Joint Meeting of Institute of Mathematics & Institute of Food Science & Technology (IFST), April 1993, Belfast, N. Ireland.

James, S. J. (1993) Developments in the retail display of chilled foods.   The European Food and Drink Review.  Spring, pp31-33.

James, S. J. (1993) Flow problems in the food industry. Computational Fluid Dynamics and the Food Industry, FRPERC Workshop, 25th May 1993, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1993) Problems in measuring the temperature of frozen foods. Frozen Foods: Single Market Update, IEHO/MAFF Seminar, London.

James, S. J. (1993) Retail display and home transport of fish.   Fish Trader - Cold Chain Supplement.  September.  

James, S. J. (1993) Review of The Manual of Manufacturing Meat Quality.  Transactions Institute of Chemical Engineering. Vol. 71 Part C.

Evans J. A., Russell S. L. & James S. J. (1994) An evaluation of infrared non-contact thermometers for food use.  Developments in Food Science. Vol. 36, pp43-50.

Evans J. A., Russell S. L. & James S. J. (1994) An evaluation of infrared non-contact thermometers for food use.  Automatic control of food and biological processes: proceedings of the ACoFoP III Symposium, edited by Bimbenet, J. J., Dumoulin, E. & Trystram G., 25-26th October 1994, Paris, France.

Gigiel, A. J. Swain, M. J.& James, S. J. (1994) The use of computational fluid dynamics modelling in air flow problems in the food industry. Automatic control of food and biological processes: proceedings of the ACoFoP III Symposium, edited by Bimbenet, J. J., Dumoulin, E. & Trystram G., 25-26th October 1994, Paris, France.

Gigiel, A. J., Brown, T., Holder, D. M. & James S. J. (1994) The potential of air cycle refrigeration in food.  Proceedings of Institute of Chemical Engineering (IChemE) Food Process Engineering Symposium, 19-21st September 1994, University of Bath, Bath, UK.

James, S. J. (1994) Alternative refrigerants for food production, storage and display.  The European Food and Drink Review.  pp35-37.  ISSN 0955-4416.

James, S. J. (1994) Consumer handling of chilled foods.  The Chill Factor: Technology and Developments in Chilled Prepared Foods, Leatherhead Food RA Conference, Leatherhead, Surrey, UK.  

James, S. J. (1994) Refrigeration-Past, present and future.   SWEB Electricity Symposium.  

James, S. J. (1994) Refrigeration, then, now and in the future.  BNCE meeting, Aztec West, Bristol, UK.  

James, S. J. (1994) Replacement refrigerants for food production, storage and display.  The Chill Factor: Technology and Developments in Chilled Prepared Foods, 26th May 1994, Leatherhead Food RA, Leatherhead, Surrey, UK.  T399.

James, S. J. & Evans J. A. (1994) The accuracy of non contact temperature measurement of chilled and frozen food.  Proceedings of Institute of Chemical Engineering (IChemE) Food Process Engineering Symposium, 19-21st September 1994, University of Bath, Bath, UK.

James, S. J., Gigiel, A. J. & Parry-Jones, S. E. (1994) Modelling air movement and temperature control in chilled distribution vehicles.  Automatic control of food and biological processes: proceedings of the ACoFoP III Symposium, edited by Bimbenet, J. J., Dumoulin, E. & Trystram G., 25-26th October 1994, Paris, France.

Parry-Jones, S. E. & James, S. J. (1994) Modelling air movement and temperature control in chilled distribution vehicles.  Proceedings of Institute of Chemical Engineering (IChemE) Food Process Engineering Symposium, 19-21st September 1994, University of Bath, Bath, UK.

James, S. J. (1995) Freezing and cooking of meat and fish. Chpt 13, pp276-291.  Physico-chemical Aspects of Food Processing, edited by Beckett, T. S.  Blackie Academic & Professional.

James, S. J. (1995) Temperature monitoring and control. Cardiff Institute of Higher Education, 9th June 1995, Cardiff, Wales.

James, S. J. (1995) What’s new in food refrigeration, the food safety (temperature controls) regulations 1995.  Institute of Chemical Engineering Food & Drink Subject Group Newsletter 3/95.

Evans, J. A., Russell, S. & James, S. J. (1996) Chilling of recipe dish meals to meet cook-chill guidelines.  Section F pp29-32.  Engineering and Food at ICEF 7, edited by Jowitt, R. Academic Press, Sheffield. 

Evans, J. A., Russell, S. & James, S. J. (1996) Chilling of recipe dish meals to meet cook-chill guidelines.  International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 19, pp79-86.

Foster A. & James S. J. (1996) Using CFD in the design of food cooking, cooling and display plant equipment.  2nd European Symposium on Sous Vide, edited by Gorris, L. G. M., 10-12th April 1996, Leuven, Belgium.  Elsevier Science Ltd.

James, C. & James, S. J. (1996) Past, Present and Future Methods of Cooling Foods.  MAFF Advanced Fellowship in Food Process Engineering, University of Bristol.

James, C., Jones, S., Swain, M. & James, S. J. (1996) Production of toxic gases from decaying fish.  Report for the marine accident investigation branch of the DETR into fv Atlantic Princess.

James, S. J. (1996) Alternative technologies which save weight loss, energy and time.  pp1.24-1.29.  New Developments in Meat Refrigeration, edited by Daudin, J. D., ISBN 90-75319-13-4.

James, S. J. (1996) New technology in food cooling.  International Journal of Refrigeration. Vol. 19:2, pp76-77.

James, S. J. (1996) The chill chain from carcass to consumer.  Meat for the Consumer, 42nd International Congress of Meat Science and Technology (ICoMST), 1-6th September 1996, Lillehammer, Norway.

James, S. J. (1996) The chill chain from carcass to consumer.  Meat Science.  Vol. 43:S, pp203-216.

James, S. J. (1996) The cold chain “from carcass to consumers”.  pp3.1-3.6.  New Developments in Meat Refrigeration, edited by Daudin, J. D., ISBN 90-75319-13-4.

James, C. (1997) Novel refrigeration.  Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881. 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, C. (1997) The influence of refrigeration on meat microbiology.  Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881. 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1997) Chilled storage of meat and meat products.  Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881. 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1997) Chilling of lamb.  Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881. 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1997) Colour changes in chilling, freezing and storage of meat.  Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881. 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1997) Effect of refrigeration on texture of meat.  Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881. 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1997) Freezing of meat.  Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881. 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1997) Local delivery of meat and meat products.  Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881. 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1997) Long distance transportation.  Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881. 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1997) Optimising the chilling of beef carcasses.  World Congress on Food Hygiene, 28th August 1997, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp56-61.

James, S. J. (1997) Packaging of chilled and frozen meat.  Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881. 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1997) Primary chilling of beef carcasses.  Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881. 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1997) Secondary chilling of meat and meat products.  Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881. 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (1997) Temperature measurement and control in food refrigeration.  Refrigeration and Air Conditioning magazine. 

James, S. J. & Evans, J. A. (1997) Frozen storage life of meat and meat products. Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881, 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. & James, C. (1997) Drip production in meat refrigeration.  Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881, 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. & Schofield, I. (1997) Modelling of meat chilling, freezing and thawing.  Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881, 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

Archer, G. P., Evans, J. A., Jessen, F., Nielsen, J. & James, S. J. (1998) Factors affecting the quality of frozen meat and fish.  Maximizing Quality and Stability of Frozen Foods. A Producers Guide to the State of the Art. Report no 2. EU Concerted action CT96-1180, pp17-27.

Gigiel, A. J. & James, S. J. (1998) Modelling chilled food distribution.  Advances in the Refrigeration System, Food Technologies and Cold Chain, Proceedings of meeting of IIF-IIR Commission B2 & C2, with D1 & D2/3, Sofia, Bulgaria, pp591-598.

Gigiel, A. J., James, S. J. & Evans, J.A. (1998) Controlling temperature during distribution and retail.  Proceedings of 3rd Karlsruhe Nutrition Symposium “European Research towards Safer and Better Food”, Karlsruhe, Germany, ISSN 0933-5463.

James, C., Ketteringham, L. & James, S. J. (1998) Enhanced heat transfer in food chilling, freezing and thawing using heat pipes. Advances in the Refrigeration System, Food Technologies and Cold Chain, Proceedings of meeting of IIF-IIR Commission B2 & C2, with D1 & D2/3, Sofia, Bulgaria.  Section 5, pp327-333.

James, S. J. (1998) Controlling food temperature during production, distribution and retail.  New Food. Vol. 1:3, pp35-45.

James, S. J. & James, C. (1998) Review of meat chilling.  Proceedings of 3rd Karlsruhe Nutrition Symposium “European Research towards Safer and Better Food”, Karlsruhe, Germany, ISSN 0933-5463.  Part 2, pp232-.

James, S. J. & Schofield, I. (1998) Developments in the prediction of meat carcass chilling.  Advances in the Refrigeration System, Food Technologies and Cold Chain, Proceedings of meeting of IIF-IIR Commissions B2 & C2, with D1 & D2/3, Sofia, Bulgaria.

James, S. J. & Schofield, I. (1998) Modelling of food refrigeration systems.  Proceedings of 3rd Karlsruhe Nutrition Symposium “European Research towards Safer and Better Food”, Karlsruhe, Germany, ISSN 0933-5463.

James, S. J., Evans, J. A., Russell, S. L. & James, C. (1998) Bacterial contamination of food refrigeration systems.  Advances in the Refrigeration System, Food Technologies and Cold Chain, Proceedings of meeting of IIF-IIR Commissions B2 & C2, with D1 & D2/3, Sofia, Bulgaria.  Section 7, pp544-551.

James, S. J., Ketteringham, L. & Evans, J. A. (1998) A comparison of immersion and blast air cooling of cooked meals.  Advances in the Refrigeration System, Food Technologies and Cold Chain, Proceedings of meeting of IIF-IIR Commissions B2 & C2, with D1 & D2/3, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Russell, S. L., Gigiel, A. J. & James, S. J. (1998) Progress in the use of air cycle technology in food refrigeration and especially retail display.  Advances in the Refrigeration System, Food Technologies and Cold Chain, Proceedings of meeting of IIF-IIR Commissions B2 & C2, with D1 & D2/3, Sofia, Bulgaria.  

James, C. & James, S. J. (1999) The heat pipe and its potential for enhancing the freezing and thawing of meat in the catering industry.  International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 22, pp 414-424.

James, S. J. (1999) Food Refrigeration  - at the Turn of the Century.  Institute of Chemical Engineering Food and Drink News.  No. 3, pp1-3.

James, S. J. (1999) Food refrigeration 1990 to 2020 A.D.  Institute of Refrigeration Centenary Publication. IoR, London.

James, S. J. (1999) Food Refrigeration and Thermal Processing at Langford, UK: 32 Years of Research.  Transactions of Institute of Chemical Engineering. Vol. 77 C, pp261-279.

James, S. J. (1999) Food Refrigeration in the 20th Century.  Institute of Chemical Engineering Food and Drink News.  No. 3, pp3-5.

James, S. J. (1999) Food refrigeration in the 21st Century.  Institute of Chemical Engineering Food and Drink News.  No. 3, pp5-6.

James, S. J. (1999) Food safety and the effect of temperature legislation.   Proceedings from the Institute of Refrigeration Century Conference.  IoR, London.

James, S. J. (1999) Retail display of fruit and vegetables. October 1999, Oporto, Portugal.

James, S., Ketteringham, L. & James, C. (1999) Enhanced cooling of cooked food.  The European Food and Drink Review.  Summer, pp 33-36.

Ketteringham, L. & James, S. J. (1999) Immersion chilling of trays of cooked products.   Journal of Food Engineering.  Vol. 40, pp256-267.

Foster, A. M., Quarini, G. L. & James, S. J. (2000) Improving consumer comfort in supermarkets. IChemE Food & Drink 2000 Processing Solutions for Innovative Products, Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), UK, ISBN 0 85295 438 7.

James, S. J. (2000) Food Refrigeration – 1990 to 2020.  Food & Drink Business. October, pp35-36.

James, S. J. (2000) Practical methods of cooling hams and meat products. Meat and Poultry 2000 - Seminar 1, Campden & Chorleywood Food Research Association (CCFRA), 17th July 2000, Chipping Campden, UK.

James, S. J. (2000) Pre-treatment of red meat and poultry.  pp81-94.  Managing Frozen Foods, edited by Kennedy, C.  Woodhead Publishing, ISBN 1 85573 412 5.

James, S. J. (2000) Prepared foods.  Processing and storage of chilled foods.  International Institute of Refrigeration, Paris.

James, S. J. (2000) Raw material selection: meat and poultry. pp63-78.  Chilled Foods: a comprehensive guide, 2nd Edition, edited by Stringer, M. & Dennis, C.  Woodhead Publishing, ISBN 1 85573 499 0.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2000) Cooling of meat products.  Meat & Livestock Commission (MLC), Milton Keynes, UK.

James, S. J., James, C. & Ketteringham, L. (2000) Enhancing the rate of food cooling.  IChemE Food & Drink 2000 Processing Solutions for Innovative Products, Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), UK, ISBN 0 85295 438 7, pp88-91.

James, S. J., James, C., Jones, S. & Swain, M. J. (2000) Toxin production in fishing vessels.  IChemE Food & Drink 2000 Processing Solutions for Innovative Products, Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), UK, ISBN 0 85295 438 7, pp121-124.

James, S. J., Ketteringham, L. & Evans, J. (2000) Air and immersion cooling of cook-chill food.  IChemE Food & Drink 2000 Processing Solutions for Innovative Products, Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), UK, ISBN 0 85295 438 7.

Ketteringham, L. & James, S. J. (2000) The use of high conductivity inserts to improve the cooling of cooked foods.  Journal of Food Engineering.  Vol. 45, pp49-53.

Russell, S. L., Gigiel A. J &. James S. J  (2000) Using air cycle technology in retail display. IChemE Food & Drink 2000 Processing Solutions for Innovative Products, Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), UK, ISBN 0 85295 438 7.

Russell, S. L., Gigiel, A. J. & James S. J. (2000) Development of a fluidised bed food freezing system that can use air cycle technology.  IChemE Food & Drink 2000 Processing Solutions for Innovative Products, Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), UK, ISBN 0 85295 438 7.

Upmann, M., Paulsen, P., James, C. & Smulders, F. J. M. (2000) Microbiology of refrigerated meat (Die Mikrobiologie von Kälte behandeltem Fleisch).  Fleischwirtschaft.  No. 8, pp 90-97.

Upmann, M., Paulsen, P., James, S. J. & Smulders, F. J. M. (2000) The microbiology of refrigerated meat.  Fleischwirtschaft International.  Vol. 3, pp38-45.

James, C. & James, S. J. (2001) Cooling cooked meats in retail and catering operations.  Rapid Cooling of food, Meeting of IIR Commission C2, Bristol. UK.  Section 1, pp85-90.

James, S. J. (2001) Food refrigeration modelling is quick, cheap and indispensable.  Food Technology International.  pp51-53.

James, S. J. (2001) Rapid chilling – a wish or a fact.  Rapid Cooling of food, Meeting of IIR Commission C2, Bristol. UK.  Section 1, pp3-10.

James, S. J. (2001) Rapid chilling of food – a wish or a fact. International Institute of Refrigeration Bulletin.  Issue 6, pp2-22.

James, S. J. (2001) Rapid chilling of pork, theory and design.  Rapid Cooling of food, Meeting of IIR Commission C2, Bristol. UK.  Section 1, pp77-84.

Russell, S. L., Gigiel, A. J. & James, S. J. (2001) Progress in the use of air cycle technology in food refrigeration and especially retail display.  AIRAH Journal.  Vol. 55:11, pp20-25.

Foster A. M., Barrett R., James S. J. & Swain M. J. (2002) Measurement and prediction of air movement through doorways in refrigerated rooms.  International Journal of Refrigeration. Vol. 25, pp1102-1109.

James, S. J. (2002) New developments in the chilling and freezing of meat. Chpt 15, pp297-312.  Meat processing: improving quality, edited Kerry, J. Kerry, J. & Ledward, D.  Woodhead Publishing Limited.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2002) Meat Refrigeration.  Woodhead Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1 85573 442 7.

Foster A. M., Swain M. J., Barrett R. & James S. J. (2003) Experimental verification of analytical and CFD predictions of infiltration through cold store entrances International Journal of Refrigeration. Vol. 26, pp918-925.

James, C. & James, S. J. (2003) Freezing (d) Cryogenic Freezing.  Pp2725-2732.  Encyclopaedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, edited by Caballero, B. & Trugo, L.  Academic Press.  ISBN 012227055X.

James, C. & James, S. J. (2003) Freezing (f) Structural and Flavor (Flavour) Changes. Pp2735-2740.  Encyclopaedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, edited by Caballero, B. & Trugo, L.  Academic Press.  ISBN 012227055X.

James, S. J. (2003) Chilling storage of foods: Attaining and maintaining chilled conditions.  pp1169-1175.  Encyclopaedia of Food Science and Nutrition (2nd Ed), edited by Caballero, B. & Trugo, L.  Academic Press, ISBN 012227055X.

James, S. J. (2003) Chilling storage of foods: Principles.  pp1164-1169.  Encyclopaedia of Food Science and Nutrition (2nd Ed), edited by Caballero, B. & Trugo, L.  Academic Press, ISBN 012227055X.

James, S. J. (2003) Chilling storage of foods: quality and economic considerations.  pp1175-1179.  Encyclopaedia of Food Science and Nutrition (2nd Ed), edited by Caballero, B. & Trugo, L.  Academic Press, ISBN 012227055X.

James, S. J. (2003) Developments in domestic refrigeration and consumer attitudes. International Institute of Refrigeration Bulletin.  Issue 5, pp5-17.

James, S. J. (2003) Réfrigération rapide des produits alimentaires: un souhait ou une réalité?  Revue Generale Du Froid. July/August, Vol. 1035, pp14-20.

James, S. J. (2003) Working with the food hygiene regulations. The importance of Refrigeration, RAC seminar, February 2003, Birmingham, UK.

Brown, T., Corry, J. & James, S. J. (2004) Humidification of chilled fruit and vegetables on retail display using an ultrasonic fogging system with water/air ozonation.  International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 27:8, pp862-868.

James, C. & James, S. J. (2004) Refrigeration and freezing technology (a) equipment.  Pp1144-1150.  Encyclopaedia of Meat Sciences, edited by Jensen, W. K., Devine, C. & Dikeman, M. Academic Press, Elsevier Science Ltd.  ISBN 0-12-464970-X.

James, C., James, S. J. & Buncic, S. (2004) Review of potential effects of transporting meat above 7°C.  Food Standards Agency (FSA) project no. ZM01011.

James, S. J. (2004) Air cycle and other novel refrigeration techniques to reduce energy and improve food quality. Innovations in Food Refrigeration, defra workshop, 15th July 2004, London.

James, S. J. (2004) Air cycle and other novel refrigeration techniques to reduce energy and improve food quality. Food Faraday Workshop on Energy Saving in the Food Industry, Tadcaster.

James, S. J. (2004) How to get a meat refrigeration that works!  Food Faraday Workshop for Small and Medium Food Companies, Telford, UK.

James, S. J. (2004) Optimising continuous and batch cooling of multi-component cooked meat products.  Meat and Poultry Seminar 2004. Campden & Chorleywood Food Research Association (CCFRA), 8th July 2004, Chipping Campden, UK.

James, S. J. (2004) Poultry refrigeration.  Chpt 8, pp164-185.  Poultry Meat Processing and Quality, edited by Mead, G., Woodhead Publishing Ltd, ISBN 1855737272.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2004) Meat marketing (b) cold chain.  Pp691-696.  Encyclopedia of Meat Sciences edited by Jensen, W. K., Devine, C. & Dikeman, M. Academic Press, Elsevier Science Ltd.  ISBN 0-12-464970-X.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2004) Meat marketing (d) transport of meat and meat products.  Pp696-702.  Encyclopedia of Meat Sciences edited by Jensen, W. K., Devine, C. & Dikeman, M. Academic Press, Elsevier Science Ltd.  ISBN 0-12-464970-X.

James, C. (2005) Optimisation of multistage food cooling operations.  Food Modelling Club Seminar: Fridges and freezers, 9th November 2005, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, C., Araujo, M., Carvalho, A. & James, S. J. (2005) The heat pipe and its potential for enhancing the cooking and cooling of meat joints. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. Vol. 40, pp 419-423.

James, C., Lejay, I., Tortosa, N., Aizpurua, X. & James, S. J.  (2005) The effect of salt concentration on the freezing point of meat simulants.  International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 28, pp933-939.

James, S. J. (2005) An overview of food refrigeration modelling.  Food Modelling Club Seminar: Fridges and freezers, 9th November 2005, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.

James, S. J. (2005) Refrigeration of poultry and control of microbial hazards.  Chpt 14, pp333-359.  Food Safety Control in the Poultry Industry, edited by Mead, G. C., CRC Press, ISBN 0-8493-3428-4.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2005) Minimal processing of ready meals. Chpt 27, pp 717-732.  Emerging Technologies for Food Processing, edited by Sun, D.W. Academic Press, Elsevier Science Ltd.

Ketteringham, L. & James, S. J. (2005) Cold store design and maintenance. Chpt 10, pp211-226.  Handbook of Frozen Food Processing and Packaging, edited by Sun, D. W., CRC press, ISBN 157444607X.

Foster A. M., Swain, M. J., Barrett, R., D’Agaroc, P. & James, S. J. (2006) Effectiveness and optimum jet velocity for a plane jet air curtain used to restrict coldroom infiltration. International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 29, pp692-699.

Foster, A., James, S. J. & Evans, J. (2006) Application of computational fluid dynamics modelling to retail display and storage of food. Symposium on food processing and technology, 17th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering CHISA 2006, 27-31st August 2006, Prague, Czech Republic.  CD-Rom of Full Texts, paper 1411.

James, C. & James, S. J. (2006) Keeping it cold – storage and transportation.  Food Science & Technology.  Vol. 20:4, pp39-40.

James, C., Palpacelli, S. & Evans, J. A. (2006) Optimisation of multistage food refrigeration operations.  Food is life, 13th World Congress of Food Science & Technology, 17-21st September 2006, Nantes, France, pp355-356.

James, C., Pinho, R. M. & James, S. J. (2006) Safety implications of the manufacture of minced meat from aged meat.  Food Standards Agency (FSA), FRPERC project number 2006141.

James, C., Vincent, C., de Andrade Lima, T. I. & James, S. J. (2006) The primary chilling of poultry carcasses – a review. International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 29:6, pp847-862.

James, S. J. (2006) Prediction of weight and water activity changes in food refrigeration, cooking and surface pasteurisation processes.  Food Modelling Club Meeting on Water in Foods, Leeds, UK.

James, S. J. (2006) Principles of food refrigeration and freezing.  Vol. 3, Chapter 112, pp1-15.  Handbook of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering, edited by Hui, Y. H. Taylor & Francis CRC.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2006) Current food quality, safety and economic aspects of food refrigeration.  Food Science & Technology.  Vol. 20:2, pp49-50.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2006) How cold is the fish in your fridge?  INFOFISH International.  Number 4/2006 (July/August), pp37-40.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2006) Taking the heat out – chilling, freezing and tempering of food.  Food Science & Technology.  Vol. 20:3, pp21-23.

James, S. J., Evans, J. & James, C. (2006) A review of the performance of domestic refrigeration.  Symposium on food processing and technology, 17th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering CHISA 2006, 27-31st August 2006, Prague, Czech Republic.  CD-Rom of Full Texts, paper 1410.

James, S. J., James, C. & Evans, J. A. (2006) Modelling of food transportation systems – a review.  International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 29, pp947-957.

Foster, A. M., Swain, M. J. & James, S. J. (2007) Two and three dimensional CFD models of the effectiveness of an air curtain used to restrict cold room infiltration.  The 22nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, 21-26th August 2007, Beijing, China.

Foster, A. M., Swain, M. J., Ketteringham, L., Barrett. P., D’Argro & James, S. J. (2007) Three-dimensional effects of an air curtain used to restrict cold room infiltration. Applied Mathematical Modelling.  Vol. 31, pp1109-1123.

James, C. & James, S. J. (2007) Getting it right: Design and optimisation of food refrigeration systems.  FoodInfo Online Features, 19 October 2007, http://www.foodsciencecentral.com/fsc/ixid14999, IFIS Publishing.

James, C. & James, S. J. (2007) Out of your control – retail and domestic handling.  Food Science & Technology.  Vol. 21:1, pp32-34.

James, C., James, S., Vincent, C., De Andrade Lima, T. I. & Foster, A. (2007) Air chilling of chicken carcasses.  The 22nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Beijing, China, 21-26 August 2007.  ICR07-C2-1240.

James, C., Palpacelli, S., James, S. & Foster, A. (2007) Mathematically optimising the crust freezing of pork loins.  The 22nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, 21-26th August 2007, Beijing, China.  ICR07-C2-1239.

James, S. J. (2007) Refrigeration and thermal processing of meat and meat products.  Workshop for Industria De Alimentos Zenû S.A., Medellin, Columbia.

James, S. J. (2007) The importance of weight loss and water activity changes in food refrigeration, cooking and surface pasteurisation processes.  Moisture Migration in Food – Advances in its Control, 22nd March 2007, Leatherhead Food International, Leatherhead, Surrey, UK.

James, C. (2008) Chilling, freezing and thawing of meat.  Practical Meat Hygiene for the Army Environmental and Occupational Health Students, 16th April 2008, University of Bristol, UK.

James, C., James, S. J., Albert, S. & Senso Caballero, Y. (2008) Improving the chilling of cooked savoury pies using a two-stage chilling process.  Food Factory of the Future 4, 4-5th June 2008, Laval, France.

James, S. J. (2008) Freezing of meat and meat products. Chpt 6, pp124-150.  Frozen Food Science and Technology, edited by Evans, J. A.  Wiley Blackwell.

James, S. J. (2008) Reducing energy without compromising quality or safety ‘The defra project’.  Technologies and Practices to Reduce the Energy Inputs into the Refrigeration of Food, Defra refrigeration project dissemination event, organised by FRPERC, University of Bristol, 19th February 2008, ExCel, London, UK.

James, S. J. (2008) Fostering the development of technologies and practices to reduce energy inputs into the refrigeration of food.  The Cold Storage and Distribution Federation Spring Conference, 4-5th March 2008, Thorpe Park Hotel, Leeds, UK.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2008) Chilling of food.  Chpt 4, pp81-115. Food Biodeterioration and Preservation, edited by Tucker, G.  Blackwell Publishing.  ISBN 978-1-4051-5417-8.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2008) Raw materials selection: meat and poultry.  Chpt 4, pp61-82.  Chilled foods: a comprehensive guide, Third edition, edited by Brown, M.  Woodhead Publishing Ltd.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2008) Refrigeration, storage and transport of chilled foods.  Chpt 14, pp375-403.  Chilled foods: a comprehensive guide, Third edition, edited by Brown, M.  Woodhead Publishing Ltd.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2008) The world from 0 to -12°C? (Deep-, Super-chilling; Sub-, Super-cooling).  Joint meeting of the CCFRA Meat and Poultry Panel and Chilled and Frozen Food Panel, 24th January 2008, Chipping Campden, UK.

James, S. J., Evans, J. & James, C. (2008) A review of the performance of domestic refrigeration.  Journal of Food Engineering. Vol. 87, pp2-10.

James, C. & James, S. J. (2009) -2°C to -12°C, not chilled but not frozen.  New Food.  Vol. 12:2, pp15-17.

James, C., Ketteringham, L., Palpacelli, S. & James, S. J. (2009) Prediction of heat transfer during food chilling, freezing, thawing and distribution. Chpt 4, pp55-78.  Predictive modelling and risk assessment, edited by Costa, R. & Kristbergsson, K.  Springer Science+Business Media.  ISBN 978-0-387-33512-4.

James, C., Purnell, G. & James, S. J. (2009) The potential for super-cooled storage of vegetables and fruits.  New Challenges in Food Preservation, Processing - Safety - Sustainability, 2009 EFFoST Annual Conference, 11-13th November 2009, Budapest, Hungary.

James, C., Seignemartin, V. & James, S. J. (2009) The freezing and supercooling of garlic (Allium sativum L.).  International Journal of Refrigeration.  Vol. 32:2, pp253-260.

James, S. J. (2009) Reducing energy without compromising quality or safety ‘The defra project’. Technologies and Practices to Reduce the Energy Inputs into the Refrigeration of Food, Defra refrigeration project dissemination event, organised by FRPERC, University of Bristol, 3rd April 2009, National Motorcycle Museum, Solihull, UK.

James, S. J. (2009) Reducing energy without compromising quality or safety ‘The defra project’.  Energy Management in Refrigeration Conference, 2nd June 2009, GIFHE and Carbon Action Yorkshire, Humber Seafood Institute, Grimsby, UK.

James, S. J. (2009) What can the pharmaceutical industry learn from the food cold chain?  4th Annual Temperature Controlled Pharmaceutical Distribution, 29-30th September 2009, Berlin, Germany.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2009) Chilling and freezing of meat and its effect on meat quality. Chpt 23, pp539-560.  Improving the sensory and nutritional quality of fresh meat, edited by Kerry, J. P. & Ledward, D.  Woodhead Publishing Ltd.

James, S. J., Swain, M. J., Brown, T., Evans J. A., Tassou, S. A., Ge, Y. T., Eames, I., Missenden, J., Maidment, G. & Baglee, D. (2009) Improving the energy efficiency of food refrigeration operations.  Proceedings of the Institute of Refrigeration. Vol. 105 (2008-09), pp1-8.

Swain, M. J., Evans, J. A. & James, S. J. (2009) Energy consumption in the UK food chill chain – primary chilling.  Food Manufacturing Efficiency.  Vol. 2:2, pp25–33.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2010) Advances in the cold chain to improve food safety, food quality and the food supply chain.  Chpt 18, pp366-386. Delivering Performance in Food Supply Chains, edited by Mena, C. & Stevens, G. Woodhead Publishing Ltd.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2010) The food cold-chain and climate change.  Food Research International.  Vol. 43:7, pp1944-1956.

James, C., Bobst, C., Fleury, H., Palpacelli, S. & James, S. J. (2010) Chilling individual retail pots of hot-filled soups and sauces using air to meet cook-chill guidelines.  Sustainability & the Cold Chain, Meeting of IIR Commissions B1, B2, C2, D1 and D2, Cambridge, UK.  Paper 207.

James, C., Seignemartin, V., Salaun, N., Costa, S., Nanthieras, B. & James, S. J. (2010) The potential for super-cooled storage of vegetables and fruits.  Sustainability & the Cold Chain, Meeting of IIR Commissions B1, B2, C2, D1 and D2, Cambridge, UK.  Paper 208.

James, S. J (2010) Improving the energy efficiency of food refrigeration operations throughout the cold chain. Sustainability & the Cold Chain, Meeting of IIR Commissions B1, B2, C2, D1 and D2, Cambridge, UK.  Paper 209.

James, S. J., Senso, Y. & James, C. (2010) The energy saving potential of ambient cooling systems.  Sustainability & the Cold Chain, Meeting of IIR Commissions B1, B2, C2, D1 and D2, Cambridge, UK.  Paper 210.

James, C., Briggs, D. & James, S. J. (2010) The effect of freezing and end cooking temperature on the eating quality of beef steaks.  Sustainability & the Cold Chain, Meeting of IIR Commissions B1, B2, C2, D1 and D2, Cambridge, UK.  Paper 211.

James, S. J & James, C. (2010) The performance and use of domestic refrigerators.  Short course: Temperature control and energy efficiency in the cold chain. Sustainability & the Cold Chain, Meeting of IIR Commissions B1, B2, C2, D1 and D2, Cambridge, UK.

Eames, I. W., Brown, T., Maidment, G., Missenden, J., Evans, J. A., Swain, M. J. & James, S. J. (2010) An interactive refrigeration system simulator software. Sustainability & the Cold Chain, Meeting of IIR Commissions B1, B2, C2, D1 and D2, Cambridge, UK.  Paper 246.

James, C. & James, S. J. (2010) Freezing/thawing.  Chpt 5, pp105-124.  Handbook of Meat Processing, edited by Toldrá, F. Wiley-Blackwell.

James, S. J. (2010) Overview of defra energy saving project.  Saving Energy Throughout the Cold Chain Conference,  Business Week 2010, 8th June 2010, Humber Seafood Institute, Grimsby, UK.

James, S. J. (2010) An energy balance, a new way of approaching energy reduction.  Saving Energy Throughout the Cold Chain Conference,  Business Week 2010, 8th June 2010, Humber Seafood Institute, Grimsby, UK.

James, C. (2010) The top 10 refrigeration energy using processes in the cold chain.  Saving Energy Throughout the Cold Chain Conference,  Business Week 2010, 8th June 2010, Humber Seafood Institute, Grimsby, UK.

Purnell, G. (2010) Reducing energy use in food catering.  Saving Energy Throughout the Cold Chain Conference,  Business Week 2010, 8th June 2010, Humber Seafood Institute, Grimsby, UK.

Eames, I. W., Brown, T., Maidment, G., Missenden, J., Evans, J. A., Swain, M. J. & James, S. J. (2010) VCR model – an interactive refrigeration system simulator software. Saving Energy Throughout the Cold Chain Conference,  Business Week 2010, 8th June 2010, Humber Seafood Institute, Grimsby, UK.

James, S. (2010)  Using ambient cooling systems to reduce energy.  Cooling India.  Vol. 6:3, pp94-99.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2010) Design and operation of frozen cold stores.  Chpt 6, pp132-150.  Fish Canning Handbook, edited by Bratt, L.  Wiley-Blackwell.

James, C. & James, S. (2010)  Improving the energy efficiency of food refrigeration.  Cooling India.  Vol. 6:6, pp82-84, 87-88, 90.

James, C. & James, S. J. (2011) Performances et utilisation du réfrigérateur domestique: revue bibliographique.  Revue Générale du Froid & du conditionnement d’air.  No 1110, pp46-53.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2011) The potential of ambient cooling systems for reducing refrigeration loads and saving energy.  11th International Congress on Engineering and Food (ICEF 2011), Athens, Greece, 22-26 May 2011. AFT651.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2011) Improving energy efficiency within the food cold-chain.  11th International Congress on Engineering and Food (ICEF 2011), Athens, Greece, 22-26 May 2011. FPD649.

James, C., Hanser, P. & James, S. J. (2011) Super-cooling phenomena in fruits, vegetables and seafoods.  11th International Congress on Engineering and Food (ICEF 2011), Athens, Greece, 22-26 May 2011. AFT658.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2011) Impact of refrigeration on processed meat safety and quality.  Chpt 23, pp567-589. Processed Meats: improving safety, nutrition and quality, edited by Kerry, J. P. & Kerry, J. F. Woodhead Publishing Ltd.

James, C. (2011) Developments in chilling, (super-cooling, super-chilling) and freezing systems.  2011 World Seafood Congress, Washington DC, US, 3-5 October 2011.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2012) Cold Store Design and Maintenance.  Chpt 9, pp201-215.  Handbook of Frozen Food Processing and Packaging, edited by Sun, D.-W.. CRC Press / Taylor & Francis.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2012) Quality and Safety of Frozen Meat and Meat Products.  Chpt 14, pp303-323.  Handbook of Frozen Food Processing and Packaging, edited by Sun, D.-W.. CRC Press / Taylor & Francis.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2012) Innovative freezing technologies for foods.  New Food.  Vol. 15:4, pp21-24.

James, C. & James, S. J. (2013) Automatic control of food chilling and freezing. Chpt 12, pp288-303.  Robotics and Automation in the Food Industry: Current and Future Technologies, edited by Caldwell, D. Woodhead Publishing Ltd.

James, C., Purnell, G. & James, S. J. (2013) Seafood Processing. Chpt 9, pp195-218. Sustainable Food Processing, edited by Tiwari, B., Norton, T. and Holden, N. M. Wiley-Blackwell.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2013) Sustainable Cold Chain. Chpt 20, pp463-496. Sustainable Food Processing, edited by Tiwari, B., Norton, T. and Holden, N. M. Wiley-Blackwell.

James, S. J. (2013) Refrigeration systems. Chpt 15, pp385-402  Handbook of Food Factory Design. Springer Science+Business Media New York.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2014) Chilling and freezing. Chpt 20, pp481-510. Food Safety Management, edited by Motarjemi, Y. & Lelieveld, H..  Elsevier.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2014) Food Technologies: Chilling. Vol. 3, pp140-148.   In Encyclopedia of Food Safety, edited by Yasmine Motarjemi, Academic Press, Waltham.  ISBN 9780123786135.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2014) Food Technologies: Freezing. Vol. 3, pp187-195.   In Encyclopedia of Food Safety, edited by Yasmine Motarjemi, Academic Press, Waltham.  ISBN 9780123786135.

James, C., Purnell, G. & James, S. J. (2014) A critical review of dehydrofreezing of fruits and vegetables.  Food and Bioprocess Technology.  Vol. 7, pp1219-1234.  DOI: 10.1007/s11947-014-1293-y.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2014) Chilling and Freezing. Chpt 5, pp79-105. Food Processing - Principles and Applications, second edition, edited by Clark, S., Jung, S. & Lamsal, B. Wiley-Blackwell.

James, C., Hanser, P., Hervier, F. & Bouquin, L. (2014) Super-cooling phenomena in foods.  3rd International ISEKI_Food Conference, 21-23rd May 2014, Athens, Greece. Book of Abstracts, p73.

James, C. & James, S. J. (2014) An energy balance, a new way of approaching energy reduction in factory operations.  3rd International ISEKI_Food Conference, 21-23rd May 2014, Athens, Greece. Book of Abstracts, p74.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2014) Chilling and Freezing. Chpt 5, pp79-105. In Food Processing - Principles and Applications, second edition, edited by Clark, S., Jung, S. & Lamsal, B. Wiley-Blackwell.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2014) Cutting and boning: Hot boning of meat.  2nd Ed, Vol. 1, pp453-457.  Encyclopedia of Meat Sciences edited by Devine, C. & Dikeman, M. Academic Press, Elsevier Science Ltd.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2014) Meat marketing: Cold chain. 2nd Ed, Vol. 2, pp225-230.  Encyclopedia of Meat Sciences edited by Devine, C. & Dikeman, M.  Academic Press, Elsevier Science Ltd.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2014) Meat marketing: Transport of meat and meat products.  2nd Ed, Vol. 2, pp236-243.  Encyclopedia of Meat Sciences edited by Devine, C. & Dikeman, M. Academic Press, Elsevier Science Ltd.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2014) Refrigeration and freezing technology: Equipment.  2nd Ed, Vol. 3, pp184-190.  Encyclopedia of Meat Sciences edited by Devine, C. & Dikeman, M. Academic Press, Elsevier Science Ltd.

James, S. J. & James, C. (2014) Minimal processing of ready meals. Chpt 32, pp599-612.  Emerging technologies for food processing, 2nd ed, edited by Sun, D.W. Academic Press, Elsevier Science Ltd.

James, C. & James, S. J. (2014) Current advances in food freezing.  New Food.  Vol. 17:5, pp10-13.

James, C., Reitz, B. G. & James, S. J. (2015) The freezing characteristics of garlic bulbs (Allium sativum L.) frozen conventionally or with the assistance of an oscillating weak magnetic field.  Food and Bioprocess Technology.  Vol. 8:3, pp702-708.

James, C., Purnell, G. & James, S. J. (2015) Can magnetism improve the storage of foods. New Food.  Vol. 18:2, pp40-43.

James, C., Purnell, G. & James, S. J. (2015) A review of novel and innovative freezing technologies.  Food and Bioprocess Technology. Vol. 8, pp1616-1634.

James, C., Onarinde, B. A. & James, S. J. (2017) The use and performance of household refrigerators: A review.  Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety.  Vol. 16(1), pp160–179.

Rodríguez, A. C., James, C., & James, S. J. (2017) Effects of weak oscillating magnetic fields on the freezing of pork loin.  Food and Bioprocess Technology. Vol. 10(9), pp1615-1621.

Purnell, G., James, C., & James, S. J. (2017) The effects of applying oscillating magnetic fields during the freezing of apple and potato.  Food and Bioprocess Technology. Vol. 10(12), pp2113-2122.

Publications