Thawing & tempering
Bailey, C. & James, S. J. (1974) Air-, water- and vacuum-thawing of frozen pork legs and meat blocks. pp42.1-42.13. Meat Freezing: Why and How? Meat Research Institute Symposium No. 3, edited by Cutting, C. L.
Bailey, C. & James, S. J. (1974) Predicting thawing times of frozen pork legs. ASHRAE Journal. Vol. 16:3, pp68-69.
Bailey, C., James, S. J., Kitchell, A. G. & Hudson, W. R. (1974) Air-, water- and vacuum-thawing of frozen pork legs. Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture. Vol. 25, pp81-97.
James, S. J., Bailey, C. & Ono, S. (1976) Determination of freezing and thawing time in the centre of blocks of meat by measurement of surface temperature. Journal of Food Technology. Vol. 11, pp505-513.
James, S. J., Creed, P. G. & Roberts, T. A. (1977) Air thawing of beef quarters. Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture. Vol. 28, pp1109-1119.
Creed, P. G., Bailey, C., James, S. J. & Harding, C. D. (1979) Air thawing of lamb carcasses. Journal of Food Technology. Vol. 14, pp181-191.
James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1980) Air and vacuum thawing of unwrapped boneless meat blocks. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Vol. 83:985, pp75,76,79.
James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1980) Air and vacuum thawing of unwrapped boneless meat blocks. Proceedings of the Institute of Refrigeration. Vol. 76, pp44-51.
James, S. J. & Creed, P. G. (1980) Predicting thawing time of frozen beef fore and hindquarters. International Journal of Refrigeration. Vol. 3:4, pp237-240.
Creed, P. G. & James, S. J. (1981) Predicting thawing times of frozen boneless beef blocks. Fleischerei (Germany). Vol. 32, ppVII-VIII.
Creed, P. G. & James, S. J. (1981) Predicting thawing times of frozen boneless beef blocks. International Journal of Refrigeration. Vol. 4, pp355-358.
Creed, P. G. & James, S. J. (1982) Predicting thawing times of frozen boneless beef blocks. Food Technology and Hygiene Review. Vol. 4:1, pp3-8.
Creed, P. G. & James, S. J. (1982) Predicting thawing times of frozen boneless beef blocks. Meat Trades Annual & Dairy, Wheatland Journals Ltd., Rickmansworth, Surrey, UK.
Creed, P. G. & James, S. J. (1982) Predicting thawing times of frozen boneless beef blocks. Meat processing (USA). Vol. 21:3, pp48, 51, 52.
James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1982) Changes in the surface heat transfer coefficient during meat thawing. Proceedings of the 28th European Meeting of Meat Research Workers, Madrid, Spain. Vol. 1, Section 3.16, pp160-163.
James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1982) The measurement of product load during cooling, freezing and thawing of meat and meat products. Proceedings of the Institute of Refrigeration. Vol. 77, pp44-51.
James, S. J. (1983) Tempering bacon middles for high speed slicing. Appendix to MRI Biennial Report, 1981-1983: Some practical research applications, pp29-31.
James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1983) Air and vacuum thawing of unwrapped boneless meat blocks. Australian Journal Refrigeration and Air conditioning. p37.
James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1983) The theory and practice of food thawing. pp566-578. Thermal Processing and the Quality of Foods, edited by Zeuthen, P. et al., 1st Ed., Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London & New York.
James, S. J., Nair, C. & Bailey, C. (1983) The effects of freezing and thawing rates on the drip loss from frozen beef. pp807-813. Thermal Processing and the Quality of Foods, edited by Zeuthen P. et al., 1st Ed., Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London & New York.
James, S. J. (1984) Thawing meat using microwaves under vacuum. Proceedings of the 30th European Meeting of Meat Research Workers, 9-14th September 1984, Bristol, UK. Vol. 2.6, pp61-62.
James, S. J. (1986) Microwave thawing and tempering of frozen meat. Proceedings of BNCE Conference on Heating and Processing 1-3000 MHz, St John's College, Cambridge, 7.4
James, S. J. (1986) Thawing and tempering: principles and system. Meat Thawing/Tempering and Product Quality, AFRC Institute of Food Research - Bristol Subject Day, IFR-BL, Langford, UK.
James, S. J. (1986) Thawing of foods. Preparation Processing and Freezing in Frozen Food Production, Food Engineering Forum, Institute of Mechanical Engineering (IMechE), 7-8th October 1986, London.
James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1986) Thawing and tempering. Section 4.5, pp206-233. Recommendations for the Processing and Handling of Frozen Foods, 3rd Ed, International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR).
James, S. J. & Crow, N. (1986) Thawing and tempering: industrial practice. Meat Thawing/Tempering and Product Quality, AFRC Institute of Food Research - Bristol Subject Day, IFR-BL, Langford, UK.
James, S. J. & Gigiel, A. J. (1986) Bacon tempering. Meat Thawing/Tempering and Product Quality, AFRC Institute of Food Research - Bristol Subject Day, IFR-BL, Langford, UK.
James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1987) Bacon tempering for high speed slicing. Proceedings XVIIth International Congress of Refrigeration C, Vienna, Austria, C2-1.
James, S. J. & Bailey, C. (1988) Thawing and tempering of frozen meat. Proceedings of the International Symposium Progress in Food Preservation Processes, CERIA, Brussels, Belgium. Vol. 1, pp113-120.
James, S. J. & Fulton, G. (1988) Predictive modelling of heat and mass transfer in food processing. pp293. Engineering Advances for Agriculture and Food, Proceedings of the 1938-1988 Jubilee Conference of the Institution of Agricultural Engineers, co-sponsered by the Fellowship of Engineering, Robinson College, Cambridge, 12-15 September, 1988, edited by Cox, S. W. R., Butterworths, London.
James, S. J. (1997) Bacon tempering for high speed slicing. Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881. 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.
James, S. J. (1997) Thawing and tempering. Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881. 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.
James, S. J. & Schofield, I. (1997) Modelling of meat chilling, freezing and thawing. Meat Refrigeration – Why and How? EU concerted action programme CT94 1881, 24-25th September 1997, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.
James, C., Ketteringham, L. & James, S. J. (1998) Enhanced heat transfer in food chilling, freezing and thawing using heat pipes. Advances in the Refrigeration System, Food Technologies and Cold Chain, Proceedings of meeting of IIF-IIR Commission B2 & C2, with D1 & D2/3, Sofia, Bulgaria. Section 5, pp327-333.
James, C. & James, S. J. (1999) The heat pipe and its potential for enhancing the freezing and thawing of meat in the catering industry. International Journal of Refrigeration. Vol. 22, pp 414-424.
James, S. J. (1999) Food Refrigeration and Thermal Processing at Langford, UK: 32 Years of Research. Transactions of Institute of Chemical Engineering. Vol. 77 C, pp261-279.
James, S. J. & James, C. (2002) Meat Refrigeration. Woodhead Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1 85573 442 7.
Brown, T., Gigiel, A. J., Swain, M. V. L. & James, C. (2003) Practical investigations of two-stage bacon tempering. International Journal of Refrigeration. Vol. 26:6, pp690-697.
James, C., Palpacelli, S. & James, S. (2003) Optimisation of two-stage bacon tempering using mathematical modelling. Predictive Modelling in Foods – Conference Proceedings (Eds J.F.M. Van Impe, A.H. Geeraerd, I. Leguérinel & P. Mafart), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven/BioTeC, Belgium, ISBN 90-5682-400-7, pp277-279.
Brown, T., Evans, J. A., James, C., James, S. J. & Swain, M. V. L. (2005) Thawing of cook-freeze catering packs. Journal of Food Engineering. Vol. 74:1, pp70-77.
Swain, M. J. & James, S. J. (2005) Microwave thawing and tempering. pp174-191. Microwave Processing of Food, edited by Schubert, H. & Regier, M., Woodhead Publishing Limited.
Brown, T. & James, C. (2006) Tempering of frozen boneless beef blocks. Symposium on food processing and technology, 17th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering CHISA 2006, 27-31st August 2006, Prague, Czech Republic. CD-Rom of Full Texts, paper 1430.
Brown, T. & James, S. J. (2006) The effect of air temperature, velocity and visual lean (VL) composition on the tempering time of frozen beef blocks. International Journal of Refrigeration. Vol. 73, pp545-552.
James, C. (2008) Chilling, freezing and thawing of meat. Practical Meat Hygiene for the Army Environmental and Occupational Health Students, 16th April 2008, University of Bristol, UK.
James, C., Ketteringham, L., Palpacelli, S. & James, S. J. (2009) Prediction of heat transfer during food chilling, freezing, thawing and distribution. Chpt 4, pp55-78. Predictive modelling and risk assessment, edited by Costa, R. & Kristbergsson, K. Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-0-387-33512-4.
James, S. J., James, C. and Purnell, G. (2017) Microwave assisted thawing and tempering. Chpt 12, pp251-272. Microwave Processing of Food, edited by Regier, M., Knoerzer, K. & Schubert, H., Elsevier.
